Issues of Online Defamation

Newsgroup
There are numerous kinds of newsgroup around the world, using different languages and focusing on different topics. There is no official membership system or regulation and anyone can post their messages in the form of email to a newsgroup. Though there is usually a newsgroup leader acting as a host who is responsible to manage the newsgroup and "kill" the threads that have illegal or off-topic, he/she can only delete the message after it is posted and be seen. They are actually only ordinary users and have weaker control ability than the Internet Service Provider (ISP). The question here is that whether this leader is liable of the defamatory messages posted by other users and which this leader has not noticed.

Improper External Links
In order to enrich the content and interest for the users, many websites post a number of external links. Users can reach these external web pages by a simple click. Some websites even join a "web ring" for promotion. However, it is impossible for the website host to check the content these external pages from time to time. If there are defamatory materials in these linkages, the host of the website might bear the risk for being responsible of spreading these materials.